Apart from creating your own Technology files, I think most other "preferences" are saved from Settings=>Preferences and there's not much else you can do "Globally".
Obviously "local" preferences are saved with the design under "Design Tech".
The settings you can see in the Display dialog (colours etc.), Design Technology and other places like Units and Grids are saved as an integral part of the design.
Settings from Preferences and Customise are saved in your system Registry, so apply across the whole application regardless of design, and across 'sessions' of the application.
But there is currently no means of picking these all up and transporting them elsewhere, for example to another machine, other than using the Export and Import features available in the Registry Editor.